https://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=203.69.39.250&feedformat=atomDIYWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T09:36:12ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.9https://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk/index.php?title=Fluorescent_Lighting&diff=5011Fluorescent Lighting2007-09-21T15:27:17Z<p>203.69.39.250: </p>
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victormarie] '''Fluorescent lighting''' is the most energy efficient lighting suited to widespread domestic use.<br />
<br />
Fluorescent lighting can look good if chosen and installed well. But the all too common choice of a bare bulbed butt ugly glowstart fitting in the centre of the room with a tube chosen at random is a recipe for unpleasant lighting.<br />
<br />
<br />
=Types of fluorescent lighting=<br />
* '''Linear fluorescent''' have been with us since the 1930s. <br />
<br />
* '''[[CFL Lamps|CFL]] [[CFL Lamps|compact fluorescent]]''' lamps are thinner tube lamps which run at higher output than traditional tubes. They are commonly found with integral ballasts in the bulb base designed to replace filament bulbs, but are also available to run from separate ballasts in the luminare.<br />
<br />
* '''Circline''' tubes are a variation on the theme popular in the 1960s, and occasionally still used in homes.<br />
<br />
* '''Miniature''' tubes have found use in emergency exit signs, torches, and small displays.<br />
<br />
* '''HO high output and VHO very high output''' tubes are used in aquaria where high lighting density is required. These tubes have lower efficiency than standard tubes.<br />
<br />
* '''CCFL cold cathode fluorescents''' are very thin tubes that backlight LCD monitor</div>203.69.39.250https://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk/index.php?title=Motorised_Valves&diff=4986Motorised Valves2007-09-20T00:02:47Z<p>203.69.39.250: </p>
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<div>This article is about motorised valves used in [[Central Heating]] systems. Motorised valves are a type of electrically actuated valve (others include solenoid valves and valves using electrically-generated thermal effects).<br />
<br />
Motorised valves generally comprise:<br />
* a synchronous electric motor<br />
* gears to reduce the speed and increase the torque output of the motor<br />
''The motor and gears are often combined in a package known as a '''Synchron''' motor.''<br />
* a linkage from the output gear to the [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydronic hydronic] part of the valve<br />
* one or more switches (usually [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microswitch microswitches]) actuated by, for example, a cam attached to the output linkage<br />
* a spring: see below<br />
: the above components usually comprise one module, often known as the 'head', which may be detatched from the parts below for repair or replacement.<br />
* a valve controlling flow of water in the hydronic system, actuated by the head: this part is often known as the 'body'.<br />
<br />
== Configurations of motorised valve ==<br />
Valves are commonly found in the following configurations:<br />
<br />
=== 2-port ===<br />
The valve has 2 pipe connections ('''ports''') and permits or blocks flow between the ports depending on whether it is actuated or not. Flow is permitted when the valve is actuated and blocked in its resting state.<br />
<br />
=== 3-port ===<br />
The valve has 3 pipe connections, in a '''T''' formation. The centre leg of the '''T''' is the inlet and the two short arms are the outlets, usually referred to as ports '''A''' and '''B'''. Actuation controls whether the flow from the inlet passes to the '''A''' or '''B''' port. In the resting state flow is to the '''A''' port. <br />
<br />
[[Image:CH_motorised_valve_Honeywell_mid-pos.jpg|frame|'''Honeywell 3-port mid-position spring-return valve''' Probably '''the''' most common type and make of valve found in domestic CH systems.]]<br />
There are two types of 3-port valve:<br />
; Diverter valve<br />
: This is a simple change-over version of a 2-port valve: when the valve is actuated all flow is diverted to the '''B''' outlet.<br />
<br />
; Mid-position valve<br />
: In this type of valve there is a stable state in which flow from the inlet can pass to both ('''A''' and '''B''') outlet ports simultaneously. This type of valve is commonly found in domestic central heating systems where it controls flow of hot water from a boiler to hot water and radiator circuits in a '''Y-plan''' system configuration.<br />
<br />
== Types of motorised valve ==<br />
<br />
=== Spring return valves ===<br />
In these types when power is applied the motor and gears act against the force of a spring to operate the valve. When power is removed the spring returns the valve to its resting position. In a 2-port valve this is the closed position. In a 3-port valve the resting position is where flow from the inlet passes to the '''A''' port.<br />
<br />
These types of valve consume power whenever they are open (and, in the case of 3-port valves, often even when they are not). In 2-port valves the motor runs until the valve is fully open and then stalls as the actuator mechanism cannot move any further. 3-port valves are more complicated: a description can be found in the [http://www.diyfaq.org.uk/plumbing/controls/midpositionvalve.htm uk.d-i-y FAQ] and here is a [[:Image:CH_Y-plan_mid-pos-valve_wiring.gif|diagram showing a 3-port valve in a Y-plan CH system]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Motor On / Motor Off (MOMO) valves ===<br />
<br />
In these types of valve the motor is used to drive the motor from one position to the next. Switches in the mechanism stop the motor when it has reached its desired position.<br />
<br />
Since the motor only runs whilst the valve is changing from one state to another there is a saving in energy compared to valves where the motor runs continuously while the vale is open. Such valves may also be more reliable since the motor and surrounding components will run cooler.<br />
<br />
==== 2-port ====<br />
<br />
This type of valve changes from it closed (off) to its open (on) position when power is applied to one terminal, and from open to closed when power is applied to another terminal.<br />
<br />
ENERGISE ENERGISE<br />
TO CLOSE TO OPEN<br />
| |<br />
white yellow<br />
| |<br />
o o<br />
/ /<br />
o/ o o/ o------- orange ----> TO BOILER<br />
| |<br />
| |<br />
----------- -----------<br />
|<br />
-------<br />
| |<br />
| MOTOR |<br />
| |<br />
-------<br />
|<br />
blue<br />
|<br />
NEUTRAL<br />
<br />
Switches are shown in their non-actuated states which occur<br />
when the valve is neither fully open nor fully closed.<br />
The switch on the left operates when the valve reaches its closed position.<br />
The switch on the right operates when the valve reaches its open position.<br />
<br />
These types of valves are occasionally found in domestic central heating systems: usually as '''Satchwell''' or '''Sunvic''' valves with grey plastic heads. [[#External Links|Sunvic]] manufacture both MOMO and spring-return valves in similar casings.<br />
<br />
If a motor-open/motor-close valve is replaced by a spring-return valve, or vice-versa, the controls wiring must be modified to suit. In the case of replacing a spring-return with a MOMO valve this requires change-over contacts at the room thermostat (or progstat) and an extra wiring conductor between the 'stat and the valve.<br />
<br />
<!--- gaah! I've had to put the following text and the associated picture into an invisible table to prevent the text of the following section getting wrapped to the left of the picture, which looks wrong since the following section is nothing to do with the picture. --><br />
<br />
{| style="width:100%" border="0"<br />
|-<br />
|valign="top"|This type of valve is also found in non-domestic installations. <br />
|[[Image:CH motorised valve 2-port industrial.jpg|frame|'''Industrial 2-port motorised valve'''<br />
<br>The large orange box on the right houses the motor and gears.<br />
<br>The smaller orange box on the left contains the switches.]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==== 3-port ====<br />
<br />
[[#External Links|Sunvic's]] SDMV series 3-port valves are motor-open/motor-close types but are wired identically to spring-return valves.<br />
<br />
These '''Switchmaster''' valves with bright blue plastic heads are found in some older domestic installations. ''[[user:John Stumbles|The author]] is unsure whether the wiring of these differs from that for spring-return valves.<br><br />
[[Image:CH_motorised_valve_Switchmaster_3-port_mid-pos_(end).jpg]]<br />
[[Image:CH_motorised_valve_Switchmaster_3-port_mid-pos_(top).jpg]]<br />
[[Image:CH_motorised_valve_Switchmaster_3-port_mid-pos_(inside).jpg]]<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
[http://www.sunvic.co.uk/motorised_valves.htm Sunvic motorised valves]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Plumbing]]<br />
[[Category: Heating]]</div>203.69.39.250https://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk/index.php?title=Fluorescent_Lighting&diff=4449Fluorescent Lighting2007-08-18T17:51:38Z<p>203.69.39.250: </p>
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[http://helmed.info/topic/nickelback-silver/ nickelback silver side up] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/chat-trans/ chat trans milano] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/pussies/ pussies] [http://chaba.info/capocchi/ capocchi] [http://helmed.info/topic/calzio/ calzio] [http://nobinters.org/musica-napoletana.htm musica napoletana com] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/mandala.htm mandala] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/lg-rh.htm lg rh 7500] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/cartuccia-oro.htm cartuccia oro] [http://kinunia.cn/learndirect.htm learndirect] [http://helmed.info/topic/volo-milano/ volo milano havana] [http://nobinters.org/lacie-braccio.htm lacie braccio] [http://helmed.info/topic/viaccesskeys/ viaccesskeys] [http://nobinters.org/una-fontana.htm una fontana] [http://ustall.org/web/istituti-di.htm istituti di designer] [http://ustall.org/web/baby-doll.htm baby doll yves saint laurent] [http://ustall.org/web/thermalright-slk.htm thermalright slk700] '''Fluorescent lighting''' is the most energy efficient lighting suited to widespread domestic use.<br />
<br />
Fluorescent lighting can look good if chosen and installed well. But the all too common choice of a bare bulbed butt ugly glowstart fitting in the centre of the room with a tube chosen at random is a recipe for unpleasant lighting.<br />
<br />
<br />
=Types of fluorescent lighting=<br />
* '''Linear fluorescent''' have been with us since the 1930s. <br />
<br />
* '''[[CFL Lamps|CFL]] [[CFL Lamps|compact fluorescent]]''' lamps are thinner tube lamps which run at higher output than traditional tubes. They are commonly found with integral ballasts in the bulb base designed to replace filament bulbs, but are also available to run from separate ballasts in the luminare.<br />
<br />
* '''Circline''' tubes are a variation on the theme popular in the 1960s, and occasionally still used in homes.<br />
<br />
* '''Miniature''' tubes have found use in emergency exit signs, torches, and small displays.<br />
<br />
* '''HO high output and VHO very high output''' tubes are used in aquaria where high lighting density is required. These tubes have lower efficiency than standard tubes.<br />
<br />
* '''CCFL cold cathode fluorescents''' are very thin tubes that backlight LCD monitor</div>203.69.39.250https://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk/index.php?title=Glossary&diff=4199Glossary2007-07-14T22:08:55Z<p>203.69.39.250: </p>
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<div>;[[Mortar Mixes|1:1:6]]<br />
: mortar 1 part cement 1 part lime and 6 parts sand by volume.<br />
<br />
;[[Mortar Mixes|1:2:9]]<br />
: mortar 1 part cement 1 part lime and 9 parts sand by volume. 1:2:9 is prone to premature failure, 1:1:6 is a better option.<br />
<br />
;[[House Wiring for Beginners|2-way switching]]<br />
: A method of wiring switches so that a lamp can be turned on or off from more than one switch.<br />
<br />
;[[Mortar Mixes|3:1]]<br />
: mortar 3 parts sand to 1 part cement by volume.<br />
<br />
;ac: a/c or a.c.<br />
: <br />
# [[Electricity Basics|alternating current]]<br />
# air conditioning<br />
<br />
;Acrylic<br />
: <br />
# Type of [[:Category:Plastics|plastic]]<br />
# Type of [[Paint]]<br />
# Type of [[adhesive]]/sealant (typically marketed as 'solvent-free' gripfill/no-more-nails/etc)<br />
<br />
;AF<br />
: Across Flats. Most commonly used imperial nut</div>203.69.39.250