Difference between revisions of "Wood glues"

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'''Wood glues''' are [[adhesive]]s used to tightly bond pieces of [[wood]] together.
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[[image: Pva 4398-6.jpg|right|250px]]
  
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Wood glue bonds tightly to wood, but not to itself.  Therefore, [[woodworker]]s commonly use surprisingly little glue to hold large pieces of wood. Most wood glues need to be [[clamp (tool)|clamped]] while the glue dries to achieve maximum bond strength.
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Most wood [[Adhesive|glues]] need to be [[clamps|clamped]] while the glue dries to achieve maximum bond strength. Very little glue is needed to bond pieces of [[wood]] together.
  
  
 
==Types of Wood Glue==
 
==Types of Wood Glue==
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Many substances have been used as glues. The most common wood glue is [[polyvinyl acetate]] (PVA), also known as "carpenter's glue" or "Yellow glue". The white version of polyvinyl acetate is also used on wood. Traditionally, [[animal glue]]s were ubiquitous, especially [[hide glue]], which is still used in [[lutherie]] and restoration. [[Polyurethane]] glue (trade names include ''Gorilla Glue'' and ''Excel'') is becoming increasingly popular, especially where water resistance is required, although water-resistant PVAs are available .  
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Many substances have been used as glues. The most common wood glue is [[Adhesive#PVA|polyvinyl acetate]] (PVA), also known as "carpenter's glue" or "Yellow glue". The white version of polyvinyl acetate is also used on wood. Epoxy is sometimes used where bond failure could cause injury.
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PVA:
 +
* [[Adhesive#PVA|polyvinyl acetate]] (PVA), yellow - carpenter's glue, various versions/grades available
 +
* [[Adhesive#PVA|polyvinyl acetate]] (PVA), white - cheap, slower setting, more chance of a [[clamp]]ed joint moving before its set. white can also be bought from kids' supplies shops.
  
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Substances used as wood glue include:
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Animal glues were once ubiquitous, especially [[Adhesive|hide glue]], which is still used in lutherie and restoration. These are bought in pellet form, and added to water in a heated pot to liquify. They're very fast setting glues.
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* [[polyvinyl acetate]] (PVA), yellow & white
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* [[animal glues]]
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[[Adhesive#Polyurethane|Polyurethane]] glue (eg Deckbond) is more water resistant that pva, and better at gap filling. PU foams very slightly, the foam fills whatever gaps the liquid doesn't, but PU foam has very little strength. Dampening the surfaces to be glued helps it foam more & set quicker.
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* [[Polyurethane]]
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* [[Cyanoacrylate]] (''Crazy glue'' or '''Superglue''') used mainly for small repairs, especially by [[Woodturning|woodturners]];
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[[Adhesive#Cyanoacrylate|Cyanoacrylate]] (''Superglue'') used mainly for small repairs, especially by woodturners. Also used as a durable varnish for small pieces
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* [[contact cement]] for [[Wood veneer|veneers]];
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* [[Hot glue|hot melt]] for temporary uses;
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[[Adhesive|contact cement]] solvent based, for veneers
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* [[Epoxy]] mainly for exterior uses;
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* other synthetic [[resin]]s including [[resorcinol]], [[urea-formaldehyde]], [[phenol formaldehyde resin]], etc.
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[[Adhesive#hot-melt glue|hot melt]] for temporary uses, not the best bond to timber, tends to pull off after a while
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 +
[[Adhesive#Epoxy Resin|Epoxy]] very tough, bonds securely, fills gaps well. Mainly for structural & exterior uses
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Other synthetic [[Adhesive#Polyester resin|resin]]s including resorcinol, urea-formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde resin, etc.
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 +
Wood resin - not used much now, but has its applications. Heat pine or spruce scrap to get the resin to ooze out. Resin is quite flammable and smells (pleasantly) until totally dried out, and is very slow to dry. Has a lot of grab when stiffish. Good for marquetry & parquetry. Reliquified by petrochemical solvents & heat.
  
  
 
==Exterior Use==
 
==Exterior Use==
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Wood glues intended for exterior use vary in their suceptibility to water.
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Wood glues intended for exterior use vary in their suceptibility to [[water]]. But even totally waterproof glue is best avoided in most outdoor uses, as:
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* [[PVA (exterior grade)]]
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* wood swells & shrinks outdoors
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* [[Polyurethane]] - survives showers but not constant wetness
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* most outdoor glues aren't entirely waterproof
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* [[Hide glue]]
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* glue can sometimes hinder drying & preservative penetration
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* [[Cyanoacrylate]]
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* many timber preservatives affect glue bonding
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* [[Contact cement]]
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* [[Hot glue|Hot melt]]
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* [[Epoxy]] - waterproof
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Glues:
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* [[Resorcinol]]
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* [[Adhesive#PVA|PVA (exterior grade)]]
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* [[Urea-formaldehyde]]
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* [[Adhesive#Polyurethane|Polyurethane]] - survives frequent showers but not constant wet or damp
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* [[Phenol formaldehyde resin]]
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* Hide glue
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* [[Adhesive#Cyanoacrylate|Cyanoacrylate]]
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* Contact cement
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* [[Adhesive|Hot melt]] - some are fully waterproof, not pva. not the strongest
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* [[Adhesive|Epoxy]] - totally completely waterproof
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* Resorcinol
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* Urea-formaldehyde
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* Phenol formaldehyde resin
  
  
 
==Trade & other names==
 
==Trade & other names==
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* [[PVA, yellow]] - carpenter's glue, yellow glue
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* [[Adhesive|PVA, yellow]] - carpenter's glue, yellow glue
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* [[PVA, white]] - elmer's, white glue,
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* [[Adhesive|PVA, white]] - Elmer's, white glue.
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* [[Polyurethane]] - Deckbond, Gorilla Glue, Excel
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* [[Adhesive|Polyurethane]] - Deckbond
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* [[Hide glue]] - animal glue,
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* Hide glue - animal glue,
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* [[Cyanoacrylate]] - Superglue, crazy glue
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* [[Adhesive|Cyanoacrylate]] - Superglue, crazy glue
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* [[Contact cement]]
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* [[Adhesive|Contact cement]]
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* [[Hot glue|Hot melt]]
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* [[Adhesive|Hot melt]]
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* [[Epoxy]]
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* [[Adhesive|Epoxy]] - Araldite
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* [[Resorcinol]]
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* Resorcinol
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* [[Urea-formaldehyde]]
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* Urea-formaldehyde
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* [[Phenol formaldehyde resin]]
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* Phenol formaldehyde resin
  
  
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==Alternatives to Wood Glues==
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==References==
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* [[Screws]]
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Patrick Spielman (1986). Gluing and Clamping: A Woodworker’s Handbook. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 0-8069-6274-7
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* [[Nails]]
 
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* [[Tacks]]
 
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* [[Pins & headless pins]]
 
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* [[spiral headless things look like drill bits]] name of?
 
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* [[Corrugated fixings]]
 
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* [[Clips]]
 
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* [[Dowels]]
 
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* [[Biscuits]]
 
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* [[Dovetail & other interlocking joints]]
 
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* [[Repair plates]]
 
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* [[Wooden pegs]]
 
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* [[KD (knockdown) blocks]]
 
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* [[Metal strapping]] (perforated & screwed or nailed)
 
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* [[Friction, tight fit]]
 
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* [[Split pins]]
 
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* [[Staples]]
 
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* [[Plastic straps]] (wrap around, no screws/nails)
 
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* [[Nut & bolt]]
 
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* [[Pronged nut & bolt]] (exact name of?)
 
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* [[Binding]] eg with wicker, string, etc
 
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* [[Metal collars]]
 
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* [[Nail plates]]
 
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* [[Wire & eyes]]
 
  
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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*[[Glue]]
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* [[Adhesive]]
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*[[Clamp (tool)]]
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* [[Clamps]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_glue Wikipedia on wood glue]
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* [[Special:Allpages|Wiki Article Index]]
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* [[Special:Categories|Wiki Subject Categories]]
  
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==References==
 
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Patrick Spielman (1986). Gluing and Clamping: A Woodworker’s Handbook. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 0-8069-6274-7
 
  
  
 
[[Category:Adhesives]]
 
[[Category:Adhesives]]
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[[Category:Woodworking|Glue, Wood]]
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[[Category:Wood]]
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[[Category:Plastics]]
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[[nl:Houtlijm]]
 

Latest revision as of 00:23, 22 February 2013

Pva 4398-6.jpg

Most wood glues need to be clamped while the glue dries to achieve maximum bond strength. Very little glue is needed to bond pieces of wood together.


Types of Wood Glue

Many substances have been used as glues. The most common wood glue is polyvinyl acetate (PVA), also known as "carpenter's glue" or "Yellow glue". The white version of polyvinyl acetate is also used on wood. Epoxy is sometimes used where bond failure could cause injury. PVA:

  • polyvinyl acetate (PVA), yellow - carpenter's glue, various versions/grades available
  • polyvinyl acetate (PVA), white - cheap, slower setting, more chance of a clamped joint moving before its set. white can also be bought from kids' supplies shops.

Animal glues were once ubiquitous, especially hide glue, which is still used in lutherie and restoration. These are bought in pellet form, and added to water in a heated pot to liquify. They're very fast setting glues.

Polyurethane glue (eg Deckbond) is more water resistant that pva, and better at gap filling. PU foams very slightly, the foam fills whatever gaps the liquid doesn't, but PU foam has very little strength. Dampening the surfaces to be glued helps it foam more & set quicker.

Cyanoacrylate (Superglue) used mainly for small repairs, especially by woodturners. Also used as a durable varnish for small pieces

contact cement solvent based, for veneers

hot melt for temporary uses, not the best bond to timber, tends to pull off after a while

Epoxy very tough, bonds securely, fills gaps well. Mainly for structural & exterior uses

Other synthetic resins including resorcinol, urea-formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde resin, etc.

Wood resin - not used much now, but has its applications. Heat pine or spruce scrap to get the resin to ooze out. Resin is quite flammable and smells (pleasantly) until totally dried out, and is very slow to dry. Has a lot of grab when stiffish. Good for marquetry & parquetry. Reliquified by petrochemical solvents & heat.


Exterior Use

Wood glues intended for exterior use vary in their suceptibility to water. But even totally waterproof glue is best avoided in most outdoor uses, as:

  • wood swells & shrinks outdoors
  • most outdoor glues aren't entirely waterproof
  • glue can sometimes hinder drying & preservative penetration
  • many timber preservatives affect glue bonding


Glues:


Trade & other names


References

Patrick Spielman (1986). Gluing and Clamping: A Woodworker’s Handbook. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 0-8069-6274-7


See also

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