Wood Glossary

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A

Arris
Arris Rail
Auger
  1. a self feeding drill bit for wood. Designed for very low rotational speed with high torque. A good choice for hand drilling wood. Commonly available in sizes of 6mm and up.
  2. Type of earth drilling bit

B

Baluster
Balustrade
Banister
Barge Board
Batten
Strip of wood applied to wall or ceiling, to which usually plasterboard is applied. Used to even up uneven walls and to permit insertion of insulation behind plasterboard.
Beam
joist, rafter, purlin, or any other large wooden, steel or concrete structural member.
Bitumen
a black sticky gloop used to waterproof and preserve.
Blockboard
2 thin wood veneers with strips of wood glued between. One of the many ways to convert low value material into useful sheet material.
Bore
to make a hole
Bradawl
Pointed tool used to mark a point on wood for drilling.

C

Cabinet Scraper
Piece of metal with a burr. Scrapes wood off a bit like a plane
Camber Beam
A curved beam
Car body filler
A tough durable filler with many uses. Polyester resin with inert fillers.
Casing
Timber lining of a door or window opening.
Caustic Soda
Paint, grease & fat remover, drain unblocker.
Sodium hydroxide
Cill
aka sill.
Chipboard
A low cost low performance sheet material made from sawdust & wood chips stuck together with glue.
Chisel
Also see cold chisel, plugging chisel, bolster,
Cladding
CLS
Canadian Lumber Standard, which covers varius aspects of timber, most noticeably a smooth planed finish and rounded corners. Both reduce the spread of fire.
Corrugated fixing
Counterbore
to cut a recess for a bolt head.
Countersink
to cut a tapered recess for a screw head, enabling it to lie flush with the surface.
the conical drill bit that cuts such holes
Cup
A type of warping of wood planks that makes both side edges raised or lowered compared to the centre of the plank.

D

Dado
rectangular channel cut into board. See dado rail for more common usage
Dado rail
A rail, usually horizontal and wooden, run at around waist height on a wall. Reduces wear & chair damage to the wall decorations.
Delamination
the separation of layers of a material. Plywood and other laminated products may fail in this manner.
Dovetail joint
Dowel
round wooden rod used to accurately align timber joints.
Dowel centre
Dressing

E

F

Fence

G

H

Hardboard
A sheet material made of wood fibres stuck together. Usually seen in 3mm thickness. Widely used for furniture backs and drawer bottoms.
Heartwood
Wood that's not from the wetter outer layer of the tree.

I

J

K

KD block.
Knockdown block
A plastic jointing block in 2 parts. The 2 halves of the block are joined or separeted with a single screw, enabling quick disassembly and reassembly of furniture etc.
Kerf
The width of a saw blade's cut
Kickback
When tool or workpiece moves back toward the user violently.
Kiln dried
Wood dried to a specified moisture content. It may have been stored outdoors since, slowly increasing in moisture.
Knockdown joint
A joint that can be quickly disassembled and reassembled. Used for products that need to be repeatedly reassembled and shipped or stored flat. See KD block.
Knot
A patch of tough material where a branch grew out from the wood. Knots tend to be hard, splittable, some fall out, and they are the part of wood most prone to instability or warping.

L

Laminate
Sheet material made of layers glued together
Lumber
Wood - a term used more in US and Canada than here
Lumber core plywood
Solid wood inner, veneer outer sheet material

M

MDF
Medium density fibreboard. A consistent but not especially strong wood fibre product.
Mortise & Tenon joint

N

O

Ogee
A moulding profile (shape) used for wooden trim (moulding) and gutters.

P

PAR
Planed All Round. The 90 degree angles aren't necessarily accurate.
PSE
Planed Square Edge. Planed & with 90 degree corners
Particleboard
chipboard
Particle core plywood
timber veneered chipboard
Pitch
Plate joint
biscuit joint
Pot life
Push stick
Stick used to push timber through some power tools. Avoids some accidents.

Q

Quarter sawn
Timber resulting from the trunk being sawn into quarters. This has stability advantages.

R

Rabbet
Rail
Raised panel
Reaction wood (tension wood & compression wood)
Branches contain reaction wood, and is much more likely to warp.
Rip cut

Cutting along the grain.

Rotary cut veneer
Veneer cut in a spiral motion from the trunk. Makes a long seamless veneer with a rougher surface than sawn veneer. Lower cost than sawn veneer.

S

Sapwood
Wood from the outer layer of the tree. Has much less resistance to rot, worm, etc.
Scant
Undersized
Scarf joint
And end to end joint formed by cutting the 2 ends at an angle. A simple joint, not as strong as finger jointing.

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

add more....


See Also